More Americans Drawing Income from Unemployment, Social Security

A blog post from Emma Lowenberg, originally published on Third and State.

The fact that the economy is still struggling is not news to anyone. The national unemployment rate has increased steadily since February. Now, at 9.2%, it is not too far from its peak of 9.9% in December 2009.

Nationally, the personal income of 20% of Americans comes from the government through programs like Social Security and unemployment benefits, according to a report in The New York Times. The percentage is even higher in the economically worst-off states – like Florida, Michigan, Ohio, and Arizona.

Those who depend on this assistance are running out of luck, though, and so is the economy at large. Extended jobless benefits are set to expire at the end of the year, leaving nearly 7.5 million unemployed Americans without an important lifeline and risking greater damage to an all too fragile recovery. The still tentative agreement in Washington, D.C. to raise the debt limit appears to rule out any additional extensions of unemployment insurance for workers in 2012.

The ratio of job growth to job seekers remains dismally low. In Arizona, for example, there are 10 job seekers for every job opening. According to economist Mark Zandi of Moody’s Analytics, the amount of transfer dollars being paid out has increased by 35% since 2007.

Some cash-strapped states are shortening the length of unemployment benefits by as much as 20 weeks. To counter the effects of benefit cutoffs, we would need to see massive job creation, but that’s just not on the horizon.

The data below show the change in percentage of income comprised of transfer payments by county in Pennsylvania from 2007 to 2009 (the data is sorted by the percent change in transfers). While some of this change can be attributed to naturally aging populations, much is undoubtedly the result of higher unemployment rates.

TRANSFERS AS A SHARE OF TOTAL PERSONAL INCOME 2007 TO 2009
County 2007 2009 Change % Change
Fulton 20% 27% 7.6 38%
Cameron 28% 37% 9.9 36%
Adams 16% 22% 5.5 33%
Elk 23% 30% 7.2 31%
Huntingdon 24% 30% 6.1 25%
Bucks 11% 14% 2.7 25%
Lancaster 15% 19% 3.7 25%
Franklin 17% 21% 4.0 24%
Columbia 22% 27% 5.1 24%
York 15% 18% 3.5 23%
Juniata 20% 25% 4.7 23%
Montgomery 9% 11% 2.1 23%
Berks 17% 21% 3.8 23%
Monroe 17% 20% 3.6 22%
Cumberland 13% 16% 2.9 22%
Erie 22% 26% 4.6 21%
Bedford 24% 29% 5.1 21%
Wayne 23% 28% 4.9 21%
Perry 17% 21% 3.6 21%
Dauphin 16% 19% 3.2 21%
Lehigh 17% 20% 3.3 20%
Wyoming 21% 26% 4.3 20%
Mifflin 26% 32% 5.3 20%
Union 17% 21% 3.4 19%
Crawford 26% 30% 4.8 19%
Northampton 17% 20% 3.1 19%
Jefferson 26% 31% 4.9 19%
Centre 14% 16% 2.5 18%
Lebanon 17% 20% 3.2 18%
Carbon 23% 28% 4.2 18%
Snyder 26% 30% 4.6 18%
Potter 25% 29% 4.5 18%
Armstrong 24% 28% 4.3 18%
Mercer 26% 30% 4.6 18%
Butler 16% 19% 2.8 17%
Clearfield 27% 31% 4.6 17%
Clarion 26% 30% 4.4 17%
Lycoming 22% 25% 3.6 17%
McKean 25% 29% 4.1 16%
Lawrence 27% 31% 4.4 16%
Warren 24% 28% 3.9 16%
Tioga 26% 31% 4.2 16%
Schuylkill 25% 29% 4.0 16%
Luzerne 23% 26% 3.5 15%
Pike 17% 19% 2.6 15%
Indiana 22% 25% 3.3 15%
Northumberland 24% 28% 3.7 15%
Bradford 23% 26% 3.4 15%
Delaware 14% 16% 2.1 15%
Blair 25% 28% 3.7 15%
Allegheny 17% 19% 2.4 14%
Lackawanna 22% 25% 3.1 14%
Clinton 24% 28% 3.4 14%
Washington 20% 22% 2.7 14%
Westmoreland 20% 23% 2.8 14%
Fayette 30% 34% 3.9 13%
Somerset 26% 29% 3.2 12%
Beaver 24% 27% 2.9 12%
Sullivan 30% 34% 3.6 12%
Susquehanna 22% 24% 2.5 11%
Montour 19% 21% 2.0 11%
Cambria 28% 31% 3.0 10%
Venango 32% 35% 2.9 9%
Philadelphia 26% 28% 2.3 9%
Chester 8% 9% 0.5 6%
Greene 28% 30% 1.4 5%
Forest 38% 39% 1.6 4%

Source. Keystone Research Center analysis of Bureau of Economic Analysis Data

It's unbelievable how the entire political establishment . . .

has decided to put its collective head in the sand and insist that deficits are the big problem. That was supposed to be because deficits were going to drive up interest rates, thereby choking off the recovery. Well, interest rates are at historic lows and the recovery is being choked off anyhow, but obviously not because of borrowing costs. The stagnation we're facing is clearly due to lack of jobs, income, and therefore lack of demand for goods and services. No demand, no business investment, no jobs, no recovery. It's fairly simple. The brilliant Paul Krugman explains it almost daily in his NY Time column, but the rulers of the universe refuse to get it. Terribly sad for all of us.

the problem is that the personal savings rate

is now at 7% , almost double the average of the last hundred years -4% .the problem with keynesian economics is that its purely a mathematical theory with no behavioral aspect. you stick a no for increased govt spending in an econometric equasion and out pops a number that gdp and employment is supposed to increase by. it doesn't take in the behavioral aspect of people increasing their savings rate by huge amts in fear of the long term effects of all the borrowing ie people are scared that the debt is becoming so huge that something drastic will be done in the future. since they don't know what that is , they increase savings for security against future events.
according to the oecd , countries with a national debt of 80% or more of gdp have , on average ,1.3 points per year less economic growth ,compared to countries with national debt of less than 80% of gdp. i wonder why that is? how can you come to any other conclusion other than t huge borrowing is a drag on an economy?
if the savings rate in america went back to 4 % the economy would be in much better shape. i don't think more govt spending will produce that reduction in savings .

The debt is an abstraction, joblessness is very real

I know quite a few people who are unemployed, particularly people in their 20's and 30's. I never heard any of them tell me they weren't buying stuff because of the national debt. Never heard any of them say "I better save money because I'm going to have to pay off the national debt some day." What I have heard is: "I can't buy [x, y or z] because I'm broke." They wish they could have money to save. They wish they had money to spend. They wish they had a job providing income. What they have is . . . nothin'. And that's what they're spending.

So, ian, please stop throwing statistics around to combat the evidence of your eyes and ears if you would care to pay attention to them. And, if you do love the numbers, please at least provide a citation so we can look at them too.

Government spending can make up for low saving

You are right, Ian, you easily can't predict the saving rate from within a Keynesian (or any other standard)economic model of the economy especially when unusual events change the propensity of people to save. But you can adjust government spending to make up for an increase in the savings rate. If you remember the basic equation C+I+G=GDP, if C consumption goes down because of a higher saving rate and I, business investment, we need more G, government spending. We don't need a reduction in the savings rate to increase economic grwoth.

There is little reason to think that people are increasing their savings rate because of fears about the overall debt of the country. It's much more likely that they are worried, and for good reason, about their own debt and employment prospects. But, even if they were worried about the overall debt, sufficient stimulus will over come whatever increase in savings results.

And there is absolutely no reason to think that more government borrowing will be a drag on the economy when short term interest rates are 0 and long term rates are about 2 to 2.5%.

the oecd study was reported

in the economist magazine in an addition in one week in the spring , so obviously i'm not going to go through their archive and find which addition it was in. if you think i'm making stats up , then simply don't respond. however if you google " when national debt is more than 80% of gdp and growth" you can scroll down to a pdf by the ecb( european central bank) appropriately titled " the impact of high and growing govt debt on economic growth" and you will see that they reached the SAME conclusion, ie once a countries nat debt hits 80-100 % of gdp then continued borrowing and spending has a negative effect on the economy , not a positive. the more the govt tries to help employment , the more they are actiually hurting it. unfortunately i can probably already predict your responce . it will probably be along th lines of " the bankers got us into this mess , why should we believe anything they say that diverts the blame away from them"

Krugman has addressed similar arguments and debunked them but

economists will still debate them endlessly. Neither you nor I will be able to divine the truth that allegedly is enshrined in the multiple regression analyses that are economists' inscrutable tool of choice. I acknowledge that I'm just a regular citizen, not a multiple regressionist. What I believe, regardless of who's right on the growth issue, is that corporate power has taken over the government and runs it in its interests. Those interests can really be boiled down to two thing: increase corporate profits, and increase the wealth of the already super wealthy. The elites are devoted to shielding as much of this wealth as possible from taxation and regulation, thus starving governments' ability to shield the worst victims of their avarice.

That is just the evidence of my eyes. My brain tells me that since none of us will ever know for sure what works or doesn't work in creating economic growth, I should simply advocate doing the right thing. And that would be reversing the craven subservience of the public sphere to private greed, and directly attack unemployment by getting the government to hire people to provide desperately needed public goods and services.

Maybe public hiring and other public programs will create growth, maybe not. I think they will. But even if I'm wrong, the bridges, repaired roads, cleaned up environment, better educated kids, healthier families, reduced suicides, etc. will make this a better country. If your policy is followed and doesn't work, we'll not only have reduced growth, but vastly greater amounts of human misery directly caused by destroying programs that help people. This is NOT Sophie's Choice; it's pretty easy to make.

Great post, Stan

That anyone could try to argue otherwise continuously amazes me.

well , i did major in regression analysis in college 30 years

agoand after studying that for 4 years i would tend to have to agree with you on the point that due to having thousands of variables in the economy it s almost impossible to tell exactly what the effect of one particular action will have on the economy.

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